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The GRA or Grande Raccordo Anulare (literally, "Great Ring Junction" and not so literally as the "Great Ring Road") is a toll-free, ring-shaped orbital motorway, , in circumference that encircles Rome. Its acronym was given after one of its main designers and supporters, Eugenio Gra, chairman of ANAS, the Italian roads Authority, at the time of construction. The official number among the Italian motorways is A90, although barely known and not found anywhere on road signs. It is widely known by Romans as ''Il Raccordo'' ("The Junction"). The road was the subject of the 2013 documentary film ''Sacro GRA'' which won the Golden Lion at the 70th Venice International Film Festival.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Italian documentary Sacro GRA wins Golden Lion )〕 == History == 1948: Building works began. 1951: The Appia-Aurelia section is opened. 1952: The Flaminia-Tiburtina section is opened. 1955: The Tiburtina-Appia section is opened. 1960: The road was part of the marathon course of the 1960 Summer Olympics.〔(1960 Summer Olympics official report. ) Volume 2. Part 1. p. 118. 〕 1962: The lane number is doubled in Salaria-Tuscolana section 1970: The Aurelia-Flaminia section is opened, the ring is completed. 1979: GRA is now officially a highway. 1983: Works to a 6-lane set begin. 1997: 50% of the GRA track is on a 6-lane (2x3) set 2000: 75% of the GRA track is on a 6-lane set 2007: 97% of the GRA track is on a 6-lane set 2011: End of works to the 6-lane set Plans for an orbital road around Rome were proposed by the end of the World War II. One of the designers' main purposes was to build the road as most equally distant as possible from the geographic centre of town, the Campidoglio, away from the motorway. Construction works started in 1948. The first section, Flaminia to Tiburtina (north-to-east section) opened in 1952, later extended in stages. The last section to be opened was the west-to-north section (Aurelia to Flaminia), in 1970. Although the GRA was initially planned and built as a single-carriageway road, it was soon clear that traffic was rapidly growing well beyond the expectations. Upgrade works to motorway standards started in late 1950s with first dual-carriageway, four-lane section (Salaria to Tuscolana) opened 1962. Further works were carried over throughout the 1970s, and by 1979 the remainder sections were upgraded to four-lane and the entire ring classified as toll-free highway. Upgrade works to 6-lane started in 1983 and were completed in stages throughout the 1990s and 2000s. As of April 2008 97% of the GRA was 6-lane with final sections (new tunnel under Via Cassia) opened 2011. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Grande Raccordo Anulare」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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